41. Spotlight effect (being overly concerned about what others think of you)
Also known as the focus effect, it refers to the tendency to magnify one's own problems. It is often manifested in a general overestimation of the degree of attention others pay to oneself, and a concern about the impression one gives to others.
Example: Suppose someone is given a T-shirt with a particularly strange color to wear, and then asked to walk among a group of people. He will generally think that 50% of the people are paying attention to him, when in fact only 20% are.
42. The dark effect (good dating in a dim scene)
Refers to the fact that in a dimly lit place, the date partners can't see each other's expressions clearly, so they are less on their guard and feel more secure. In this situation, the possibility of intimacy is much higher than in a brightly lit place.
Case: If you are asked to profess your love in the street in broad daylight, you know why you are still single.
43. The business card effect (meeting a kindred spirit)
In social interactions, if you show that you share the same attitudes and values as the other person, the other person will feel that you have more similarities with them.
Example: Duo Duo, who had failed several interviews, carefully inquired about the owner of the company before his most recent application. He found that the owner of the company had a similar job search experience as his own in the past. So when applying for the job, he talked freely with the boss about his job search experience and his feelings of being underappreciated. Sure enough, he was appreciated by the boss and was successfully hired.
44. Law of interpersonal attraction (mutual attraction for various reasons)
Refers to the formation of an emotionally intimate state between an individual and another due to various factors, and is a form of affirmation in interpersonal relationships. According to the degree of attraction, interpersonal attraction can be divided into affinity, liking and love. Affinity is a lower level of interpersonal attraction, liking is a medium level of attraction, and love is the strongest form of interpersonal attraction.
There are six types of interpersonal attraction:
Proximity attraction (both parties have many points in common and are attracted to each other),** Reciprocal attraction** (both parties are attracted to each other because they can benefit or repay each other),** Symmetry attraction** (because the other person likes you, you like the other person back),** Induced attraction** (attraction triggered by the natural or attraction triggered by the natural or man-made environment, etc.)** complementary attraction law** (mutual attraction triggered when the personalities or needs of both parties complement each other and the means to satisfy those needs)** halo attraction law** (the effect of being attracted to someone because of their abilities, specialties, qualities, or high social status)
Example: During an event, you struck up a conversation with someone and really hit it off. You both appreciated each other, and you both added each other on WeChat and became good friends.
45. First impression effect (first impressions matter)
It is also called the priority effect, first impression effect, or preconceived effect. It refers to the fact that people usually form a distinct “preconceived” impression based on the information they receive during their initial contact with a person, which in turn influences their subsequent evaluation of that person. It is a type of serial position effect.
Example: A novice salesperson named Duo Duo is always well-dressed and speaks politely and carefully when discussing business. Although he is not familiar with some technical details, he has left a good impression on the customer and won his favor, which helped him successfully close the deal.
46. The recency effect (new impressions can be shaped)
is also known as the “novelty effect” and refers to the psychological effect of the most recent stimulus prompting the formation of a new impression. In contrast to the primacy effect, it refers to the situation where multiple stimuli appear at once, and the formation of an impression is mainly determined by the stimuli that appear later, i.e., the latest perception of others obscures the previously formed evaluation. It is a type of serial position effect.
Example: You recognize an old school friend at a reunion after 10 years of not seeing each other; and the most familiar memories are not only the best moments, but also the parting scenes.
47. Stereotype effect (Hunan people love spicy food)
Stereotype effect, also known as stereotype, refers to a fixed perception and evaluation of a group, and the same perception and evaluation are applied to individuals belonging to that group.
Example: Based on the impression that doctors are “knowledgeable,” people generally believe that doctors must know everything or must write beautifully. In fact, most doctors are more focused and proficient in one field than the accumulation of knowledge that ordinary people think they have; and they don't necessarily write beautifully.
48. Halo effect (the lover sees beauty in everything)
Also known as the halo effect, it refers to the phenomenon that people's cognitive judgments of others are based on their own personal preferences, and other qualities of the cognitive object are inferred from this judgment, resulting in the final appearance of “generalizing from a few points and making a generalization based on partial information”.
Case: The Russian writer Alexander Pushkin fell madly in love with Natali, “Moscow's most beautiful woman,” and married her in a flash. After the wedding, they realized that they were very different. Whenever Pushkin shared his poems with her, she was uninterested and rejected them. Instead, she wanted Pushkin to accompany her to parties and balls. Pushkin abandoned his writing for this, got into debt, and finally even died in a duel for her. A literary superstar thus fell.
49. The more you see it, the more you like it (familiarity breeds fondness)
Also known as the exposure effect, it refers to the phenomenon that the more familiar something is, the more you like it.
Case: You play badminton with the cute girl (or guy) at work every day, commute to work together, and often go shopping together at the weekend. Well...and then you end up together.
50. The opposite sex effect (working with the opposite sex is never tiring)
Also known as the “magnet effect,” it refers to the special mutual attraction and stimulation that opposite-sex contact can generate, and the indescribable emotional pursuit that can be experienced from it, which usually has a positive impact on people's activities and learning.
Case: At the beginning, the programmers in the company were basically boys, and the frequent overtime work was very painful and quite a complaint for everyone. Later, the company recruited a lot of female programmers to work overtime together, and the male programmers didn't complain anymore, and sometimes even volunteered to extend their overtime hours.
