31. The “gate-opening effect” (the easier a task is, the more likely it is to be undertaken)
Also known as the “beggar's effect,” it refers to the fact that once a person has accepted a trivial request from others, in order to avoid cognitive dissonance or to give others the impression of consistency, they may accept a greater request.
Case: Dudu is reluctant to accept higher and more difficult requests because they are time-consuming, laborious and difficult to succeed in. On the contrary, he is happy to accept smaller, easier-to-complete requests, and after achieving the smaller requests, he slowly accepts the larger ones.
32. Relationship field effect (three cobblers or three monks?)
The effectiveness of the activities of a group of role players can either increase or decrease. The cohesion or friction generated by such a group of different role players is collectively referred to in social psychology as the “relationship field effect”. An increase in effectiveness is like “three cobblers are better than Zhuge Liang”, while a decrease in effectiveness is like “three monks have no water to drink”.
Example: A bear and a lion hunt down a deer together. While they are arguing over who deserves the credit, the deer wakes up and escapes.
33. The flywheel effect (it's hard at the beginning)
Refers to the fact that doing something is difficult at the beginning, but once we get past this difficult stage, with only a little effort, or even no effort at all, we can achieve great results.
Example: In the early days of Dudu's business, it was difficult to develop due to problems such as funding and talent. Later, it gradually got on the right track. With more capital and the recruitment of outstanding talent, the business is getting better and better, growing stronger day by day.
34. The Silence Effect (limited to excessive forced caution in speech)
In interpersonal communication, due to concerns about the other person's authority or pressure from coercion, people mostly choose to remain silent or say things that the other person likes and caters to, and try to avoid saying things that may upset the other person or devalue themselves.
In other words, it is a phenomenon in which the words spoken during communication do not match the true attitude of the speaker. The silence effect can easily lead to a distortion of the communication message,** so coercive and oppressive communication styles should be minimized in organizational management and interpersonal communication.**
Example: An education inspector visits a troubled school to investigate the situation and calls on the teaching staff to give their views and suggestions on the problems encountered in school education. As the “powerful” headmaster is present, some of the younger teachers who were prepared to raise important issues and suggestions are forced to remain silent due to the pressure of the headmaster's presence, or they only choose to discuss minor issues.
35. The Hercules effect (putting aside hatred)
refers to a social and psychological effect in which people or groups of people exist in a state of mutual resentment, causing hatred to grow deeper and deeper. It inspires people to learn to let go of hatred rather than “pour oil on the fire” between people.
Example: Dudu and DuoDuo have a conflict due to misunderstanding or jealousy. At this time, if the revengeful mentality of one party intensifies, it will cause the other party to retaliate accordingly, and they will fall into a vicious cycle. On the contrary, if the two parties can communicate sincerely and eliminate misunderstandings, they can naturally get along happily.
36. Mushroom effect (newcomers to the workplace being ignored)
Refers to the suspicion, injustice, etc. that a newcomer faces in an organization, and the subsequent phenomenon of being recognized or ignored due to differences in performance. The lesson is that the negative effects of the mushroom effect should be avoided after a newcomer joins a company, to prevent the long-term existence of the effect from leading to a waste of talent and a drain on resources.** [Originating from an image analogy: “Mushrooms grow in dark corners, without sunlight or fertilizer, fending for themselves, and only when they grow tall enough do they begin to attract attention, but by then they are already able to receive sunlight.”]**
Example: A new employee always starts out doing menial tasks and is not taken seriously. After working quietly for a while, if they do a good job, they gradually come to the fore and are given more responsibility; if they don't do a good job, they gradually become marginalized and even forgotten.
37. The incubation effect (when a problem is left unresolved, relaxation can lead to inspiration)
Refers to the phenomenon that when repeated exploration of a problem's solution leads nowhere, and the problem is temporarily set aside for a while,** a solution is often found suddenly due to some chance.**
Example: You are anxious because you can't break through with an advertising idea. Then the goddess says to you, “Why don't we go downstairs for tea?” You gladly go with her. Unexpectedly, as you chat, an inspiration strikes, and you come up with a great idea that makes your client's father applaud.
38. Projection effect (judging others by oneself)
Refers to the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to others, that is, the phenomenon of assuming that others also have similar characteristics to one's own when perceiving and forming an impression of others, and the cognitive barrier of projecting one's own emotions, will, and characteristics onto others and imposing them on others.
Case: Nini, who is worry-free and kind-hearted, always thinks that people are “righteous and kind”; while Dam, who got rich by fighting for personal gain, believes that everyone is “absolutely selfish and justified”.
39. The salt effect (the wisdom of doing good)
refers to the idea that good things should be done in moderation and at the right time, and that what is needed is the best. As the saying goes, a timely helping hand is worth more than a gift of flowers.** [Originally referring to the fact that salt is indispensable in cooking, but too much of it makes the food unappetizing, it was later introduced into the field of pedagogy]**
Example: A colleague of Dudu's urgently needed to borrow money because his father was ill at home. The sensible colleagues all gave him money, but Dudu wanted to use his connections to help the colleague contact the hospital and doctor, and even repeatedly asked the colleague to go and talk to the doctor...
40. The delayed gratification effect (it's more cost-effective to delay gratification)
It is also known as the candy effect. It refers to the phenomenon of voluntarily delaying or giving up immediate, smaller gratifications for the sake of long-term, greater benefits. Psychologists have also discovered through observation that** a person's personality as an adult can be inferred from small experiments in self-control, judgment, and confidence from childhood.**
Example: In a game, two candies are placed on the table each. If the child can wait for 20 minutes, they can get both candies; if they can't wait, they can only get one candy, and they can get it right now. Children with better self-control (2/3) will choose to wait 20 minutes to get the bigger reward. Delaying gratification in life can also increase happiness.
Effects related to interpersonal impressions